xmlParser.h

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/*! \mainpage XMLParser library
 * \section intro_sec Introduction
 *
 * This is a basic XML parser written in ANSI C++ for portability.
 * It works by using recursion and a node tree for breaking
 * down the elements of an XML document.

 * Copyright (c) 2002, Frank Vanden Berghen
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * The following license terms apply to projects that are in some way related to
 * the "The Mobile Robot Programming Toolkit (MRPT)" project, including
 applications
 * using "The Mobile Robot Programming Toolkit (MRPT)" and tools developed
 * for enhancing "The Mobile Robot Programming Toolkit (MRPT)". All other
 projects
 * (not related to "The Mobile Robot Programming Toolkit (MRPT)") have to use
 this
 * code under the Aladdin Free Public License (AFPL)
 * See the file "AFPL-license.txt" for more information about the AFPL license.
 * (see http://www.artifex.com/downloads/doc/Public.htm for detailed AFPL terms)
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of Frank Vanden Berghen nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Frank Vanden Berghen ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <copyright holder> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * @version     V2.39
 * @author      Frank Vanden Berghen
 *
 * \section tutorial First Tutorial
 * You can follow a simple <a href="../../xmlParser.html">Tutorial</a> to know
 the basics...
 *
 * \section usage General usage: How to include the XMLParser library inside
 your project.
 *
 * The library is composed of two files: <a
 href="../../xmlParser.cpp">xmlParser.cpp</a> and
 * <a href="../../xmlParser.h">xmlParser.h</a>. These are the ONLY 2 files that
 you need when
 * using the library inside your own projects.
 *
 * All the functions of the library are documented inside the comments of the
 file
 * <a href="../../xmlParser.h">xmlParser.h</a>. These comments can be
 transformed in
 * full-fledged HTML documentation using the DOXYGEN software: simply type:
 "doxygen doxy.cfg"
 *
 * By default, the XMLParser library uses (char*) for string representation.To
 use the (wchar_t*)
 * version of the library, you need to define the "_UNICODE" preprocessor
 definition variable
 * (this is usually done inside your project definition file) (This is done
 automatically for you
 * when using Visual Studio).
 *
 * \section example Advanced Tutorial and Many Examples of usage.
 *
 * Some very small introductory examples are described inside the Tutorial file
 * <a href="../../xmlParser.html">xmlParser.html</a>
 *
 * Some additional small examples are also inside the file <a
 href="../../xmlTest.cpp">xmlTest.cpp</a>
 * (for the "char*" version of the library) and inside the file
 * <a href="../../xmlTestUnicode.cpp">xmlTestUnicode.cpp</a> (for the "wchar_t*"
 * version of the library). If you have a question, please review these
 additionnal examples
 * before sending an e-mail to the author.
 *
 * To build the examples:
 * - linux/unix: type "make"
 * - solaris: type "make -f makefile.solaris"
 * - windows: Visual Studio: double-click on xmlParser.dsw
 *   (under Visual Studio .NET, the .dsp and .dsw files will be automatically
 converted to .vcproj and .sln files)
 *
 * In order to build the examples you need some additional files:
 * - linux/unix: makefile
 * - solaris: makefile.solaris
 * - windows: Visual Studio: *.dsp, xmlParser.dsw and also xmlParser.lib and
 xmlParser.dll
 *
 * \section debugging Debugging with the XMLParser library
 *
 * \subsection debugwin Debugging under WINDOWS
 *
 *  Inside Visual C++, the "debug versions" of the memory allocation functions
 are
 *  very slow: Do not forget to compile in "release mode" to get maximum speed.
 *  When I have to debug a software that is using the XMLParser Library, it
 was usually
 *  a nightmare because the library was sooOOOoooo slow in debug mode (because
 of the
 *  slow memory allocations in Debug mode). To solve this
 *  problem, during all the debugging session, I use a very fast DLL version
 of the
 *  XMLParser Library (the DLL is compiled in release mode). Using the DLL
 version of
 *  the XMLParser Library allows me to have lightening XML parsing speed even
 in debug!
 *  Other than that, the DLL version is useless: In the release version of my
 tool,
 *  I always use the normal, ".cpp"-based, XMLParser Library (I simply include
 the
 * <a href="../../xmlParser.cpp">xmlParser.cpp</a> and
 * <a href="../../xmlParser.h">xmlParser.h</a> files into the project).
 *
 *  The file <a href="../../XMLNodeAutoexp.txt">XMLNodeAutoexp.txt</a>
 contains some
 * "tweaks" that improve substancially the display of the content of the XMLNode
 objects
 * inside the Visual Studio Debugger. Believe me, once you have seen inside the
 debugger
 * the "smooth" display of the XMLNode objects, you cannot live without it
 anymore!
 *
 * \subsection debuglinux Debugging under LINUX/UNIX
 *
 *  The speed of the debug version of the XMLParser library is tolerable so no
 extra
 * work.has been done.
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

#pragma once

#include <cstdlib>

#ifdef _UNICODE
// If you comment the next "define" line then the library will never "switch to"
// _UNICODE (wchar_t*) mode (16/32 bits per characters).
// This is useful when you get error messages like:
//    'XMLNode::openFileHelper' : cannot convert parameter 2 from 'const char
//    [5]' to 'const wchar_t *'
// The _XMLWIDECHAR preprocessor variable force the XMLParser library into
// either utf16/32-mode (the proprocessor variable
// must be defined) or utf8-mode(the pre-processor variable must be undefined).
#define _XMLWIDECHAR
#endif

#if defined(WIN32) || defined(UNDER_CE) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN64)
// comment the next line if you are under windows and the compiler is not
// Microsoft Visual Studio (6.0 or .NET) or Borland
#define _XMLWINDOWS
#endif

#ifdef XMLDLLENTRY
#undef XMLDLLENTRY
#endif
#ifdef _USE_XMLPARSER_DLL
#ifdef _DLL_EXPORTS_
#define XMLDLLENTRY __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define XMLDLLENTRY __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
#else
#define XMLDLLENTRY
#endif

// uncomment the next line if you want no support for wchar_t* (no need for the
// <wchar.h> or <tchar.h> libraries anymore to compile)
//#define XML_NO_WIDE_CHAR

// Mod. JLBC
#ifdef __BORLANDC__
#define XML_NO_WIDE_CHAR
#define strcasecmp(a, b) stricmp(a, b)
#define strncasecmp(a, b, c) _strnicmp(a, b, c)
#define _timeb timeb
#define _ftime(a) ftime(a)
#define _strnicmp(a, b, c) strnicmp(a, b, c)
#define _errno errno #endif
#endif

#ifdef XML_NO_WIDE_CHAR
#undef _XMLWINDOWS
#undef _XMLWIDECHAR
#endif

#ifdef _XMLWINDOWS
#include <tchar.h>
#else
#define XMLDLLENTRY
#ifndef XML_NO_WIDE_CHAR
#include <cwchar>  // to have 'wcsrtombs' for ANSI version
// to have 'mbsrtowcs' for WIDECHAR version
#endif
#endif

// Some common types for char set portable code
#ifdef _XMLWIDECHAR
#define _CXML(c) L##c
#define XMLCSTR const wchar_t*
#define XMLSTR wchar_t*
#define XMLCHAR wchar_t
#else
#define _CXML(c) c
#define XMLCSTR const char*
#define XMLSTR char*
#define XMLCHAR char
#endif
#ifndef FALSE
#define FALSE 0
#endif /* FALSE */
#ifndef TRUE
#define TRUE 1
#endif /* TRUE */

/// Enumeration for XML parse errors.
typedef enum XMLError
{
    eXMLErrorNone = 0,
    eXMLErrorMissingEndTag,
    eXMLErrorNoXMLTagFound,
    eXMLErrorEmpty,
    eXMLErrorMissingTagName,
    eXMLErrorMissingEndTagName,
    eXMLErrorUnmatchedEndTag,
    eXMLErrorUnmatchedEndClearTag,
    eXMLErrorUnexpectedToken,
    eXMLErrorNoElements,
    eXMLErrorFileNotFound,
    eXMLErrorFirstTagNotFound,
    eXMLErrorUnknownCharacterEntity,
    eXMLErrorCharacterCodeAbove255,
    eXMLErrorCharConversionError,
    eXMLErrorCannotOpenWriteFile,
    eXMLErrorCannotWriteFile,

    eXMLErrorBase64DataSizeIsNotMultipleOf4,
    eXMLErrorBase64DecodeIllegalCharacter,
    eXMLErrorBase64DecodeTruncatedData,
    eXMLErrorBase64DecodeBufferTooSmall
} XMLError;

/// Enumeration used to manage type of data. Use in conjunction with structure
/// XMLNodeContents
typedef enum XMLElementType
{
    eNodeChild = 0,
    eNodeAttribute = 1,
    eNodeText = 2,
    eNodeClear = 3,
    eNodeNULL = 4
} XMLElementType;

/// Structure used to obtain error details if the parse fails.
typedef struct XMLResults
{
    enum XMLError error;
    int nLine, nColumn;
} XMLResults;

/// Structure for XML clear (unformatted) node (usually comments)
typedef struct XMLClear
{
    XMLCSTR lpszValue;
    XMLCSTR lpszOpenTag;
    XMLCSTR lpszCloseTag;
} XMLClear;

/// Structure for XML attribute.
typedef struct XMLAttribute
{
    XMLCSTR lpszName;
    XMLCSTR lpszValue;
} XMLAttribute;

/// XMLElementPosition are not interchangeable with simple indexes
using XMLElementPosition = int;

struct XMLNodeContents;

/** @defgroup XMLParserGeneral The XML parser */

/// Main Class representing a XML node
/**
 * All operations are performed using this class.
 * \note The constructors of the XMLNode class are protected, so use instead one
 * of these four methods to get your first instance of XMLNode:
 * <ul>
 *    <li> XMLNode::parseString </li>
 *    <li> XMLNode::parseFile </li>
 *    <li> XMLNode::openFileHelper </li>
 *    <li> XMLNode::createXMLTopNode (or XMLNode::createXMLTopNode_WOSD)</li>
 * </ul> */
typedef struct XMLDLLENTRY XMLNode
{
   private:
    struct XMLNodeDataTag;

    /// Constructors are protected, so use instead one of: XMLNode::parseString,
    /// XMLNode::parseFile, XMLNode::openFileHelper, XMLNode::createXMLTopNode
    XMLNode(
        struct XMLNodeDataTag* pParent, XMLSTR lpszName, char isDeclaration);
    /// Constructors are protected, so use instead one of: XMLNode::parseString,
    /// XMLNode::parseFile, XMLNode::openFileHelper, XMLNode::createXMLTopNode
    XMLNode(struct XMLNodeDataTag* p);

   public:
    static XMLCSTR
        getVersion();  ///< Return the XMLParser library version number

    /** @defgroup conversions Parsing XML files/strings to an XMLNode structure
     * and Rendering XMLNode's to files/string.
     * @ingroup XMLParserGeneral
     * @{ */

    /// Parse an XML string and return the root of a XMLNode tree representing
    /// the string.
    static XMLNode parseString(
        XMLCSTR lpXMLString, XMLCSTR tag = nullptr,
        XMLResults* pResults = nullptr);
    /**< The "parseString" function parse an XML string and return the root of a
     * XMLNode tree. The "opposite" of this function is
     * the function "createXMLString" that re-creates an XML string from an
     * XMLNode tree. If the XML document is corrupted, the
     * "parseString" method will initialize the "pResults" variable with some
     * information that can be used to trace the error.
     * If you still want to parse the file, you can use the APPROXIMATE_PARSING
     * option as explained inside the note at the
     * beginning of the "xmlParser.cpp" file.
     *
     * @param lpXMLString the XML string to parse
     * @param tag  the name of the first tag inside the XML file. If the tag
     * parameter is omitted, this function returns a node that represents the
     * head of the xml document including the declaration term (<? ... ?>).
     * @param pResults a pointer to a XMLResults variable that will contain some
     * information that can be used to trace the XML parsing error. You can have
     * a user-friendly explanation of the parsing error with the "getError"
     * function.
     */

    /// Parse an XML file and return the root of a XMLNode tree representing the
    /// file.
    static XMLNode parseFile(
        XMLCSTR filename, XMLCSTR tag = nullptr,
        XMLResults* pResults = nullptr);
    /**< The "parseFile" function parse an XML file and return the root of a
     * XMLNode tree. The "opposite" of this function is
     * the function "writeToFile" that re-creates an XML file from an XMLNode
     * tree. If the XML document is corrupted, the
     * "parseFile" method will initialize the "pResults" variable with some
     * information that can be used to trace the error.
     * If you still want to parse the file, you can use the APPROXIMATE_PARSING
     * option as explained inside the note at the
     * beginning of the "xmlParser.cpp" file.
     *
     * @param filename the path to the XML file to parse
     * @param tag the name of the first tag inside the XML file. If the tag
     * parameter is omitted, this function returns a node that represents the
     * head of the xml document including the declaration term (<? ... ?>).
     * @param pResults a pointer to a XMLResults variable that will contain some
     * information that can be used to trace the XML parsing error. You can have
     * a user-friendly explanation of the parsing error with the "getError"
     * function.
     */

    /// Parse an XML file and return the root of a XMLNode tree representing the
    /// file. A very crude error checking is made. An attempt to guess the Char
    /// Encoding used in the file is made.
    static XMLNode openFileHelper(XMLCSTR filename, XMLCSTR tag = nullptr);
    /**< The "openFileHelper" function reports to the screen all the warnings
     * and errors that occurred during parsing of the XML file.
     * This function also tries to guess char Encoding (UTF-8, ASCII or
     * SHIT-JIS) based on the first 200 bytes of the file. Since each
     * application has its own way to report and deal with errors, you should
     * rather use the "parseFile" function to parse XML files
     * and program yourself thereafter an "error reporting" tailored for your
     * needs (instead of using the very crude "error reporting"
     * mechanism included inside the "openFileHelper" function).
     *
     * If the XML document is corrupted, the "openFileHelper" method will:
     *         - display an error message on the console (or inside a messageBox
     * for windows).
     *         - stop execution (exit).
     *
     * I strongly suggest that you write your own "openFileHelper" method
     * tailored to your needs. If you still want to parse
     * the file, you can use the APPROXIMATE_PARSING option as explained inside
     * the note at the beginning of the "xmlParser.cpp" file.
     *
     * @param filename the path of the XML file to parse.
     * @param tag the name of the first tag inside the XML file. If the tag
     * parameter is omitted, this function returns a node that represents the
     * head of the xml document including the declaration term (<? ... ?>).
     */

    static XMLCSTR getError(XMLError error);  ///< this gives you a
    /// user-friendly explanation of
    /// the parsing error

    /// Create an XML string starting from the current XMLNode.
    XMLSTR createXMLString(int nFormat = 1, int* pnSize = nullptr) const;
    /**< The returned string should be free'd using the "freeXMLString"
     * function.
     *
     *   If nFormat==0, no formatting is required otherwise this returns an user
     * friendly XML string from a given element
     *   with appropriate white spaces and carriage returns. if pnSize is given
     * it returns the size in character of the string. */

    /// Save the content of an xmlNode inside a file
    XMLError writeToFile(
        XMLCSTR filename, const char* encoding = nullptr,
        char nFormat = 1) const;
    /**< If nFormat==0, no formatting is required otherwise this returns an user
     * friendly XML string from a given element with appropriate white spaces
     * and carriage returns.
     * If the global parameter "characterEncoding==encoding_UTF8", then the
     * "encoding" parameter is ignored and always set to "utf-8".
     * If the global parameter "characterEncoding==encoding_ShiftJIS", then the
     * "encoding" parameter is ignored and always set to "SHIFT-JIS".
     * If "_XMLWIDECHAR=1", then the "encoding" parameter is ignored and always
     * set to "utf-16".
     * If no "encoding" parameter is given the "ISO-8859-1" encoding is used. */
    /** @} */

    /** @defgroup navigate Navigate the XMLNode structure
     * @ingroup XMLParserGeneral
     * @{ */
    XMLCSTR getName() const;  ///< name of the node
    XMLCSTR getText(int i = 0) const;  ///< return ith text field
    int nText() const;  ///< nbr of text field
    XMLNode getParentNode() const;  ///< return the parent node
    XMLNode getChildNode(int i = 0) const;  ///< return ith child node
    XMLNode getChildNode(XMLCSTR name, int i) const;  ///< return ith child node
    /// with specific name
    ///(return an empty node
    /// if failing). If i==-1,
    /// this returns the last
    /// XMLNode with the given
    /// name.
    XMLNode getChildNode(XMLCSTR name, int* i = nullptr) const;  ///< return
    /// next child
    /// node with
    /// specific
    /// name (return
    /// an empty
    /// node if
    /// failing)
    XMLNode getChildNodeWithAttribute(
        XMLCSTR tagName, XMLCSTR attributeName,
        XMLCSTR attributeValue = nullptr,
        int* i = nullptr) const;  ///< return child node with specific
    /// name/attribute (return an empty node if
    /// failing)
    XMLNode getChildNodeByPath(
        XMLSTR path, char createNodeIfMissing = 0, XMLCHAR sep = '/');
    ///< return the first child node with specific path. WARNING: the value of
    /// the parameter "path" is destroyed!
    XMLNode getChildNodeByPath(
        XMLCSTR path, char createNodeIfMissing = 0, XMLCHAR sep = '/');
    ///< return the first child node with specific path

    int nChildNode(XMLCSTR name)
        const;  ///< return the number of child node with specific name
    int nChildNode() const;  ///< nbr of child node
    XMLAttribute getAttribute(int i = 0) const;  ///< return ith attribute
    XMLCSTR getAttributeName(int i = 0) const;  ///< return ith attribute name
    XMLCSTR getAttributeValue(int i = 0) const;  ///< return ith attribute value
    char isAttributeSet(XMLCSTR name)
        const;  ///< test if an attribute with a specific name is given
    XMLCSTR getAttribute(XMLCSTR name, int i) const;  ///< return ith attribute
    /// content with specific
    /// name (return a nullptr
    /// if failing)
    XMLCSTR getAttribute(XMLCSTR name, int* i = nullptr) const;  ///< return
    /// next
    /// attribute
    /// content with
    /// specific
    /// name (return
    /// a nullptr if
    /// failing)
    int nAttribute() const;  ///< nbr of attribute
    XMLClear getClear(int i = 0) const;  ///< return ith clear field (comments)
    int nClear() const;  ///< nbr of clear field
    XMLNodeContents enumContents(XMLElementPosition i)
        const;  ///< enumerate all the different contents (attribute,child,text,
    /// clear) of the current XMLNode. The order is reflecting the
    /// order of the original file/string. NOTE: 0 <= i < nElement();
    int nElement() const;  ///< nbr of different contents for current node
    char isEmpty() const;  ///< is this node Empty?
    char isDeclaration() const;  ///< is this node a declaration <? .... ?>
    XMLNode deepCopy() const;  ///< deep copy (duplicate/clone) a XMLNode
    static XMLNode emptyNode();  ///< return XMLNode::emptyXMLNode;
    /** @} */

    ~XMLNode();
    XMLNode(const XMLNode& A);  ///< to allow shallow/fast copy:
    XMLNode& operator=(const XMLNode& A);  ///< to allow shallow/fast copy:

    XMLNode() = default;
    static XMLNode emptyXMLNode;
    static XMLClear emptyXMLClear;
    static XMLAttribute emptyXMLAttribute;

    /** @defgroup xmlModify Create or Update the XMLNode structure
     * @ingroup XMLParserGeneral
     *  The functions in this group allows you to create from scratch (or
     * update) a XMLNode structure. Start by creating your top
     *  node with the "createXMLTopNode" function and then add new nodes with
     * the "addChild" function. The parameter 'pos' gives
     *  the position where the childNode, the text or the XMLClearTag will be
     * inserted. The default value (pos=-1) inserts at the
     *  end. The value (pos=0) insert at the beginning (Insertion at the
     * beginning is slower than at the end). <br>
     *
     *  REMARK: 0 <= pos < nChild()+nText()+nClear() <br>
     */

    /** @defgroup creation Creating from scratch a XMLNode structure
     * @ingroup xmlModify
     * @{ */
    static XMLNode createXMLTopNode(
        XMLCSTR lpszName,
        char isDeclaration =
            FALSE);  ///< Create the top node of an XMLNode structure
    XMLNode addChild(
        XMLCSTR lpszName, char isDeclaration = FALSE,
        XMLElementPosition pos = -1);  ///< Add a new child node
    XMLNode addChild(
        XMLNode nodeToAdd,
        XMLElementPosition pos = -1);  ///< If the "nodeToAdd" has some parents,
    /// it will be detached from it's parents
    /// before being attached to the current
    /// XMLNode
    XMLAttribute* addAttribute(
        XMLCSTR lpszName, XMLCSTR lpszValuev);  ///< Add a new attribute
    XMLCSTR addText(
        XMLCSTR lpszValue,
        XMLElementPosition pos = -1);  ///< Add a new text content
    XMLClear* addClear(
        XMLCSTR lpszValue, XMLCSTR lpszOpen = nullptr,
        XMLCSTR lpszClose = nullptr, XMLElementPosition pos = -1);
    /**< Add a new clear tag
     * @param lpszOpen default value "<![CDATA["
     * @param lpszClose default value "]]>"
     */
    /** @} */

    /** @defgroup xmlUpdate Updating Nodes
     * @ingroup xmlModify
     * Some update functions:
     * @{
     */
    XMLCSTR updateName(XMLCSTR lpszName);  ///< change node's name
    XMLAttribute* updateAttribute(
        XMLAttribute* newAttribute,
        XMLAttribute* oldAttribute);  ///< if the attribute to update is
    /// missing, a new one will be added
    XMLAttribute* updateAttribute(
        XMLCSTR lpszNewValue, XMLCSTR lpszNewName = nullptr,
        int i = 0);  ///< if the attribute to update is missing, a new one will
    /// be added
    XMLAttribute* updateAttribute(
        XMLCSTR lpszNewValue, XMLCSTR lpszNewName,
        XMLCSTR lpszOldName);  ///< set lpszNewName=nullptr if you don't want to
    /// change the name of the attribute if the
    /// attribute to update is missing, a new one will
    /// be added
    XMLCSTR updateText(XMLCSTR lpszNewValue, int i = 0);  ///< if the text to
    /// update is missing,
    /// a new one will be
    /// added
    XMLCSTR updateText(XMLCSTR lpszNewValue, XMLCSTR lpszOldValue);  ///< if the
    /// text to
    /// update
    /// is
    /// missing,
    /// a new
    /// one will
    /// be added
    XMLClear* updateClear(XMLCSTR lpszNewContent, int i = 0);  ///< if the
    /// clearTag to
    /// update is
    /// missing, a new
    /// one will be
    /// added
    XMLClear* updateClear(XMLClear* newP, XMLClear* oldP);  ///< if the clearTag
    /// to update is
    /// missing, a new
    /// one will be added
    XMLClear* updateClear(
        XMLCSTR lpszNewValue, XMLCSTR lpszOldValue);  ///< if the clearTag to
    /// update is missing, a
    /// new one will be added
    /** @} */

    /** @defgroup xmlDelete Deleting Nodes or Attributes
     * @ingroup xmlModify
     * Some deletion functions:
     * @{
     */
    /// The "deleteNodeContent" function forces the deletion of the content of
    /// this XMLNode and the subtree.
    void deleteNodeContent();
    /**< \note The XMLNode instances that are referring to the part of the
     * subtree that has been deleted CANNOT be used anymore!!. Unexpected
     * results will occur if you continue using them. */
    void deleteAttribute(
        int i = 0);  ///< Delete the ith attribute of the current XMLNode
    void deleteAttribute(XMLCSTR lpszName);  ///< Delete the attribute with the
    /// given name (the "strcmp"
    /// function is used to find the
    /// right attribute)
    void deleteAttribute(XMLAttribute* anAttribute);  ///< Delete the attribute
    /// with the name
    ///"anAttribute->lpszName"
    ///(the "strcmp" function
    /// is used to find the
    /// right attribute)
    void deleteText(
        int i = 0);  ///< Delete the Ith text content of the current XMLNode
    void deleteText(XMLCSTR lpszValue);  ///< Delete the text content
    ///"lpszValue" inside the current
    /// XMLNode (direct "pointer-to-pointer"
    /// comparison is used to find the right
    /// text)
    void deleteClear(
        int i = 0);  ///< Delete the Ith clear tag inside the current XMLNode
    void deleteClear(XMLCSTR lpszValue);  ///< Delete the clear tag "lpszValue"
    /// inside the current XMLNode (direct
    ///"pointer-to-pointer" comparison is
    /// used to find the clear tag)
    void deleteClear(XMLClear* p);  ///< Delete the clear tag "p" inside the
    /// current XMLNode (direct
    ///"pointer-to-pointer" comparison on the
    /// lpszName of the clear tag is used to find
    /// the clear tag)
    /** @} */

    /** @defgroup xmlWOSD ???_WOSD functions.
     * @ingroup xmlModify
     *  The strings given as parameters for the "add" and "update" methods that
     * have a name with
     *  the postfix "_WOSD" (that means "WithOut String Duplication")(for
     * example "addText_WOSD")
     *  will be free'd by the XMLNode class. For example, it means that this is
     * incorrect:
     *  \code
     *     xNode.addText_WOSD("foo");
     *     xNode.updateAttribute_WOSD("#newcolor" ,nullptr,"color");
     *  \endcode
     *  In opposition, this is correct:
     *  \code
     *     xNode.addText("foo");
     *     xNode.addText_WOSD(stringDup("foo"));
     *     xNode.updateAttribute("#newcolor" ,nullptr,"color");
     *     xNode.updateAttribute_WOSD(stringDup("#newcolor"),nullptr,"color");
     *  \endcode
     *  Typically, you will never do:
     *  \code
     *     char *b=(char*)malloc(...);
     *     xNode.addText(b);
     *     free(b);
     *  \endcode
     *  ... but rather:
     *  \code
     *     char *b=(char*)malloc(...);
     *     xNode.addText_WOSD(b);
     *  \endcode
     *  ('free(b)' is performed by the XMLNode class)
     * @{ */
    static XMLNode createXMLTopNode_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszName,
        char isDeclaration =
            FALSE);  ///< Create the top node of an XMLNode structure
    XMLNode addChild_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszName, char isDeclaration = FALSE,
        XMLElementPosition pos = -1);  ///< Add a new child node
    XMLAttribute* addAttribute_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszName, XMLSTR lpszValue);  ///< Add a new attribute
    XMLCSTR addText_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszValue,
        XMLElementPosition pos = -1);  ///< Add a new text content
    XMLClear* addClear_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszValue, XMLCSTR lpszOpen = nullptr,
        XMLCSTR lpszClose = nullptr,
        XMLElementPosition pos = -1);  ///< Add a new clear Tag

    XMLCSTR updateName_WOSD(XMLSTR lpszName);  ///< change node's name
    XMLAttribute* updateAttribute_WOSD(
        XMLAttribute* newAttribute,
        XMLAttribute* oldAttribute);  ///< if the attribute to update is
    /// missing, a new one will be added
    XMLAttribute* updateAttribute_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszNewValue, XMLSTR lpszNewName = nullptr,
        int i = 0);  ///< if the attribute to update is missing, a new one will
    /// be added
    XMLAttribute* updateAttribute_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszNewValue, XMLSTR lpszNewName,
        XMLCSTR lpszOldName);  ///< set lpszNewName=nullptr if you don't want to
    /// change the name of the attribute if the
    /// attribute to update is missing, a new one will
    /// be added
    XMLCSTR updateText_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszNewValue,
        int i =
            0);  ///< if the text to update is missing, a new one will be added
    XMLCSTR updateText_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszNewValue, XMLCSTR lpszOldValue);  ///< if the text to update
    /// is missing, a new one
    /// will be added
    XMLClear* updateClear_WOSD(XMLSTR lpszNewContent, int i = 0);  ///< if the
    /// clearTag
    /// to update
    /// is
    /// missing, a
    /// new one
    /// will be
    /// added
    XMLClear* updateClear_WOSD(XMLClear* newP, XMLClear* oldP);  ///< if the
    /// clearTag to
    /// update is
    /// missing, a
    /// new one will
    /// be added
    XMLClear* updateClear_WOSD(
        XMLSTR lpszNewValue, XMLCSTR lpszOldValue);  ///< if the clearTag to
    /// update is missing, a new
    /// one will be added
    /** @} */

    /** @defgroup xmlPosition Position helper functions (use in conjunction with
     * the update&add functions
     * @ingroup xmlModify
     * These are some useful functions when you want to insert a childNode, a
     * text or a XMLClearTag in the
     * middle (at a specified position) of a XMLNode tree already constructed.
     * The value returned by these
     * methods is to be used as last parameter (parameter 'pos') of addChild,
     * addText or addClear.
     * @{ */
    XMLElementPosition positionOfText(int i = 0) const;
    XMLElementPosition positionOfText(XMLCSTR lpszValue) const;
    XMLElementPosition positionOfClear(int i = 0) const;
    XMLElementPosition positionOfClear(XMLCSTR lpszValue) const;
    XMLElementPosition positionOfClear(XMLClear* a) const;
    XMLElementPosition positionOfChildNode(int i = 0) const;
    XMLElementPosition positionOfChildNode(XMLNode x) const;
    XMLElementPosition positionOfChildNode(
        XMLCSTR name, int i = 0) const;  ///< return the position of the ith
    /// childNode with the specified name if
    ///(name==nullptr) return the position
    /// of the ith childNode
    /** @} */

    /// Enumeration for XML character encoding.
    typedef enum XMLCharEncoding
    {
        char_encoding_error = 0,
        char_encoding_UTF8 = 1,
        char_encoding_legacy = 2,
        char_encoding_ShiftJIS = 3,
        char_encoding_GB2312 = 4,
        char_encoding_Big5 = 5,
        char_encoding_GBK = 6  // this is actually the same as Big5
    } XMLCharEncoding;

    /** \addtogroup conversions
     * @{ */

    /// Sets the global options for the conversions
    static char setGlobalOptions(
        XMLCharEncoding characterEncoding = XMLNode::char_encoding_UTF8,
        char guessWideCharChars = 1, char dropWhiteSpace = 1,
        char removeCommentsInMiddleOfText = 1);
    /**< The "setGlobalOptions" function allows you to change four global
     * parameters that affect string & file
     * parsing. First of all, you most-probably will never have to change these
     * 3 global parameters.
     *
     * @param guessWideCharChars If "guessWideCharChars"=1 and if this library
     * is compiled in WideChar mode, then the
     *     XMLNode::parseFile and XMLNode::openFileHelper functions will test if
     * the file contains ASCII
     *     characters. If this is the case, then the file will be loaded and
     * converted in memory to
     *     WideChar before being parsed. If 0, no conversion will be performed.
     *
     * @param guessWideCharChars If "guessWideCharChars"=1 and if this library
     * is compiled in ASCII/UTF8/char* mode, then the
     *     XMLNode::parseFile and XMLNode::openFileHelper functions will test if
     * the file contains WideChar
     *     characters. If this is the case, then the file will be loaded and
     * converted in memory to
     *     ASCII/UTF8/char* before being parsed. If 0, no conversion will be
     * performed.
     *
     * @param characterEncoding This parameter is only meaningful when compiling
     * in char* mode (multibyte character mode).
     *     In wchar_t* (wide char mode), this parameter is ignored. This
     * parameter should be one of the
     *     three currently recognized encodings: XMLNode::encoding_UTF8,
     * XMLNode::encoding_ascii,
     *     XMLNode::encoding_ShiftJIS.
     *
     * @param dropWhiteSpace In most situations, text fields containing only
     * white spaces (and carriage returns)
     *     are useless. Even more, these "empty" text fields are annoying
     * because they increase the
     *     complexity of the user's code for parsing. So, 99% of the time, it's
     * better to drop
     *     the "empty" text fields. However The XML specification indicates that
     * no white spaces
     *     should be lost when parsing the file. So to be perfectly
     * XML-compliant, you should set
     *     dropWhiteSpace=0. A note of caution: if you set "dropWhiteSpace=0",
     * the parser will be
     *     slower and your code will be more complex.
     *
     * @param removeCommentsInMiddleOfText To explain this parameter, let's
     * consider this code:
     * \code
     *        XMLNode x=XMLNode::parseString("<a>foo<!-- hello -->bar<!DOCTYPE
     * world >chu</a>","a");
     * \endcode
     *     If removeCommentsInMiddleOfText=0, then we will have:
     * \code
     *        x.getText(0) -> "foo"
     *        x.getText(1) -> "bar"
     *        x.getText(2) -> "chu"
     *        x.getClear(0) --> "<!-- hello -->"
     *        x.getClear(1) --> "<!DOCTYPE world >"
     * \endcode
     *     If removeCommentsInMiddleOfText=1, then we will have:
     * \code
     *        x.getText(0) -> "foobar"
     *        x.getText(1) -> "chu"
     *        x.getClear(0) --> "<!DOCTYPE world >"
     * \endcode
     *
     * \return "0" when there are no errors. If you try to set an unrecognized
     * encoding then the return value will be "1" to signal an error.
     *
     * \note Sometime, it's useful to set "guessWideCharChars=0" to disable any
     * conversion
     * because the test to detect the file-type (ASCII/UTF8/char* or WideChar)
     * may fail (rarely). */

    /// Guess the character encoding of the string (ascii, utf8 or shift-JIS)
    static XMLCharEncoding guessCharEncoding(
        void* buffer, int bufLen, char useXMLEncodingAttribute = 1);
    /**< The "guessCharEncoding" function try to guess the character encoding.
     * You most-probably will never
     * have to use this function. It then returns the appropriate value of the
     * global parameter
     * "characterEncoding" described in the XMLNode::setGlobalOptions. The guess
     * is based on the content of a buffer of length
     * "bufLen" bytes that contains the first bytes (minimum 25 bytes; 200 bytes
     * is a good value) of the
     * file to be parsed. The XMLNode::openFileHelper function is using this
     * function to automatically compute
     * the value of the "characterEncoding" global parameter. There are several
     * heuristics used to do the
     * guess. One of the heuristic is based on the "encoding" attribute. The
     * original XML specifications
     * forbids to use this attribute to do the guess but you can still use it if
     * you set
     * "useXMLEncodingAttribute" to 1 (this is the default behavior and the
     * behavior of most parsers).
     * If an inconsistency in the encoding is detected, then the return value is
     * "0". */
    /** @} */

   private:
    // these are functions and structures used internally by the XMLNode class
    // (don't bother about them):

    typedef struct XMLNodeDataTag  // to allow shallow copy and
    // "intelligent/smart" pointers (automatic
    // delete):
    {
        XMLCSTR lpszName;  // Element name (=nullptr if root)
        int nChild,  // Number of child nodes
            nText,  // Number of text fields
            nClear,  // Number of Clear fields (comments)
            nAttribute;  // Number of attributes
        char isDeclaration;  // Whether node is an XML declaration - '<?xml ?>'
        struct XMLNodeDataTag*
            pParent;  // Pointer to parent element (=nullptr if root)
        XMLNode* pChild;  // Array of child nodes
        XMLCSTR* pText;  // Array of text fields
        XMLClear* pClear;  // Array of clear fields
        XMLAttribute* pAttribute;  // Array of attributes
        int* pOrder;  // order of the child_nodes,text_fields,clear_fields
        int ref_count;  // for garbage collection (smart pointers)
    } XMLNodeData;
    XMLNodeData* d{nullptr};

    char parseClearTag(void* px, void* pa);
    char maybeAddTxT(void* pa, XMLCSTR tokenPStr);
    int ParseXMLElement(void* pXML);
    void* addToOrder(
        int memInc, int* _pos, int nc, void* p, int size, XMLElementType xtype);
    int indexText(XMLCSTR lpszValue) const;
    int indexClear(XMLCSTR lpszValue) const;
    XMLNode addChild_priv(int, XMLSTR, char, int);
    XMLAttribute* addAttribute_priv(int, XMLSTR, XMLSTR);
    XMLCSTR addText_priv(int, XMLSTR, int);
    XMLClear* addClear_priv(int, XMLSTR, XMLCSTR, XMLCSTR, int);
    void emptyTheNode(char force);
    static inline XMLElementPosition findPosition(
        XMLNodeData* d, int index, XMLElementType xtype);
    static int CreateXMLStringR(
        XMLNodeData* pEntry, XMLSTR lpszMarker, int nFormat);
    static int removeOrderElement(XMLNodeData* d, XMLElementType t, int index);
    static void exactMemory(XMLNodeData* d);
    static int detachFromParent(XMLNodeData* d);
} XMLNode;

/// This structure is given by the function XMLNode::enumContents.
typedef struct XMLNodeContents
{
    /// This dictates what's the content of the XMLNodeContent
    enum XMLElementType etype;
    /**< should be an union to access the appropriate data. Compiler does not
     * allow union of object with constructor... too bad. */
    XMLNode child;
    XMLAttribute attrib;
    XMLCSTR text;
    XMLClear clear;

} XMLNodeContents;

/** @defgroup StringAlloc String Allocation/Free functions
 * @ingroup xmlModify
 * @{ */
/// Duplicate (copy in a new allocated buffer) the source string.
XMLDLLENTRY XMLSTR stringDup(XMLCSTR source, int cbData = -1);
/**< This is
 * a very handy function when used with all the "XMLNode::*_WOSD" functions
 * (\link xmlWOSD \endlink).
 * @param cbData If !=0 then cbData is the number of chars to duplicate. New
 * strings allocated with
 * this function should be free'd using the "freeXMLString" function. */

/// to free the string allocated inside the "stringDup" function or the
/// "createXMLString" function.
XMLDLLENTRY void freeXMLString(XMLSTR t);  // {free(t);}
/** @} */

/** @defgroup atoX ato? like functions
 * @ingroup XMLParserGeneral
 * The "xmlto?" functions are equivalents to the atoi, atol, atof functions.
 * The only difference is: If the variable "xmlString" is nullptr, than the
 * return value
 * is "defautValue". These 6 functions are only here as "convenience" functions
 * for the
 * user (they are not used inside the XMLparser). If you don't need them, you
 * can
 * delete them without any trouble.
 *
 * @{ */
XMLDLLENTRY char xmltob(XMLCSTR xmlString, char defautValue = 0);
XMLDLLENTRY int xmltoi(XMLCSTR xmlString, int defautValue = 0);
XMLDLLENTRY long xmltol(XMLCSTR xmlString, long defautValue = 0);
XMLDLLENTRY double xmltof(XMLCSTR xmlString, double defautValue = .0);
XMLDLLENTRY XMLCSTR xmltoa(XMLCSTR xmlString, XMLCSTR defautValue = _CXML(""));
XMLDLLENTRY XMLCHAR
    xmltoc(XMLCSTR xmlString, XMLCHAR defautValue = _CXML('\0'));
/** @} */

/** @defgroup ToXMLStringTool Helper class to create XML files using "printf",
 * "fprintf", "cout",... functions.
 * @ingroup XMLParserGeneral
 * @{ */
/// Helper class to create XML files using "printf", "fprintf", "cout",...
/// functions.
/** The ToXMLStringTool class helps you creating XML files using "printf",
 * "fprintf", "cout",... functions.
 * The "ToXMLStringTool" class is processing strings so that all the characters
 * &,",',<,> are replaced by their XML equivalent:
 * \verbatim &amp;, &quot;, &apos;, &lt;, &gt; \endverbatim
 * Using the "ToXMLStringTool class" and the "fprintf function" is THE most
 * efficient
 * way to produce VERY large XML documents VERY fast.
 * \note If you are creating from scratch an XML file using the provided XMLNode
 * class
 * you must not use the "ToXMLStringTool" class (because the "XMLNode" class
 * does the
 * processing job for you during rendering).*/
typedef struct XMLDLLENTRY ToXMLStringTool
{
   public:
    ToXMLStringTool() : buf(nullptr) {}
    ~ToXMLStringTool();
    void freeBuffer();  ///< call this function when you have finished using
    ///< this
    /// object to release memory used by the internal buffer.

    XMLSTR toXML(XMLCSTR source);  ///< returns a pointer to an internal buffer
    /// that contains a XML-encoded string based
    /// on the "source" parameter.

    /** The "toXMLUnSafe" function is deprecated because there is a possibility
     * of
     * "destination-buffer-overflow". It converts the string
     * "source" to the string "dest". */
    static XMLSTR toXMLUnSafe(
        XMLSTR dest, XMLCSTR source);  ///< deprecated: use "toXML" instead
    static int lengthXMLString(
        XMLCSTR source);  ///< deprecated: use "toXML" instead

   private:
    XMLSTR buf;
    int buflen{0};
} ToXMLStringTool;
/** @} */

/** @defgroup XMLParserBase64Tool Helper class to include binary data inside XML
 * strings using "Base64 encoding".
 * @ingroup XMLParserGeneral
 * @{ */
/// Helper class to include binary data inside XML strings using "Base64
/// encoding".
/** The "XMLParserBase64Tool" class allows you to include any binary data
 * (images, sounds,...)
 * into an XML document using "Base64 encoding". This class is completely
 * separated from the rest of the xmlParser library and can be removed without
 * any problem.
 * To include some binary data into an XML file, you must convert the binary
 * data into
 * standard text (using "encode"). To retrieve the original binary data from the
 * b64-encoded text included inside the XML file, use "decode". Alternatively,
 * these
 * functions can also be used to "encrypt/decrypt" some critical data contained
 * inside
 * the XML (it's not a strong encryption at all, but sometimes it can be
 * useful). */
typedef struct XMLDLLENTRY XMLParserBase64Tool
{
   public:
    XMLParserBase64Tool() = default;
    ~XMLParserBase64Tool();
    void freeBuffer();  ///< Call this function when you have finished using
    /// this object to release memory used by the internal
    /// buffer.

    /**
     * @param formatted If "formatted"=true, some space will be reserved for a
     * carriage-return every 72 chars. */
    static int encodeLength(int inBufLen, char formatted = 0);  ///< return the
    /// length of the
    /// base64 string
    /// that encodes
    /// a data buffer
    /// of size
    /// inBufLen
    /// bytes.

    /**
     * The "base64Encode" function returns a string containing the base64
     * encoding of "inByteLen" bytes
     * from "inByteBuf". If "formatted" parameter is true, then there will be a
     * carriage-return every 72 chars.
     * The string will be free'd when the XMLParserBase64Tool object is deleted.
     * All returned strings are sharing the same memory space. */
    XMLSTR encode(
        unsigned char* inByteBuf, unsigned int inByteLen,
        char formatted = 0);  ///< returns a pointer to an internal buffer
    /// containing the base64 string containing the
    /// binary data encoded from "inByteBuf"

    /// returns the number of bytes which will be decoded from "inString".
    static unsigned int decodeSize(XMLCSTR inString, XMLError* xe = nullptr);

    /**
     * The "decode" function returns a pointer to a buffer containing the binary
     * data decoded from "inString"
     * The output buffer will be free'd when the XMLParserBase64Tool object is
     * deleted.
     * All output buffer are sharing the same memory space.
     * @param inString If "instring" is malformed, nullptr will be returned */
    unsigned char* decode(
        XMLCSTR inString, int* outByteLen = nullptr,
        XMLError* xe = nullptr);  ///< returns a pointer to an internal buffer
    /// containing the binary data decoded from
    ///"inString"

    /**
     * decodes data from "inString" to "outByteBuf". You need to provide the
     * size (in byte) of "outByteBuf"
     * in "inMaxByteOutBuflen". If "outByteBuf" is not large enough or if data
     * is malformed, then "FALSE"
     * will be returned; otherwise "TRUE". */
    static unsigned char decode(
        XMLCSTR inString, unsigned char* outByteBuf, int inMaxByteOutBuflen,
        XMLError* xe = nullptr);  ///< deprecated.

   private:
    void* buf{nullptr};
    int buflen{0};
    void alloc(int newsize);
} XMLParserBase64Tool;
/** @} */

#undef XMLDLLENTRY